C-<chr> means holding any control key while typing the contents of <chr>.

M-<chr> means holding any meta or alt key while typing the contents of <chr>. Alternative press and release the escape key (=ESC) and the type the contents of <chr>.

1. val
1. val
1. C-x C-c
1. val
1. C-g
1. val
1. C-x k
1. val
1. C-x 1
1. val
1. Just start typing without using C, M and ESC. Other keys have standard special meaning i.e. pressing delete key deletes the next character.
1. val
1. C-7
1. val
1. C-g
1. val
1. C-x C-s
1. val
1. val
1. val
1. <Arrow Keys>
1. val
1. M-<Arrow Keys>
1. val
1. <Pos 1 key>
1. val
1. <End Key>
1. val
1. val
1. C-v or Page Up
1. val
1. M-v or Page Down
1. val
1. C-l
1. val
1. val
1. C-s <search-term> Enter
1. val
1. C-r <search-term> Enter
1. val
1. C-h

1. val
1. val
1. val
1. val
1. C-p (p=previous)
1. val
1. C-n (n=next)
1. val
1. C-b (b=backward)
1. val
1. C-f (f=forward)

Emacs's GUI can be started with emacs. Emacs's TUI can be started with emacs --no-window-system.